Introduction

After self-assembly of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) through mixing of lipid and cargo solutions, further dilution or buffer exchange is required to reduce/remove ethanol and stabilize the particles. During this process, the pH is raised resulting in de-protonation of the ionizable lipids which subsequently fuse to form the hydrophobic, amorphous core of the LNPs[1]. Small LNPs may also gradually fuse to form larger particles that are more energetically favorable through a process known as Ostwald ripening [2].

Particle size is one of the most significant parameters that affects LNP...

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