Introduction

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) fabrication typically starts with rapid mixing of lipids in ethanol and nucleic
acid-based cargos prepared in an acidic aqueous buffer solution (buffer pH < pKa of the ionizable lipid).
The acidic aqueous buffer is of importance to (1) protonate the ionizable lipids so that they may bind
electrostatically with the negatively charged nucleic acid-based cargos and (2) increase the solvent
polarity...

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